What is a Toroidal Power Transformer?

Transformers are electrical devices that rely on electromagnetic induction to transfer energy from one circuit to another. Among the most common types of transformers are power transformers, which are generally used in electrical systems to step up (i.e., increase) or step down (i.e., decrease) voltage levels between circuits. These transformers are available in several variations, each of which offers different performance characteristics. 

The following article focuses on toroidal power transformers, including outlining what they are, what advantages they offer, what industrial applications in which they are used, and how they differ from standard transformers. 

What Is a Toroidal Transformer?

Similar to other transformers, a toroidal transformer operates under the principles of electromagnetic induction. It features a toroidal core surrounded by the primary and secondary windings. As current flows through the primary windings, it produces an electromagnetic force (EMF) that generates current in the secondary windings; this process allows power to be transferred from the primary coil to the secondary coil. 

Advantages of Toroidal Power Transformers

Compared to other types of power transformers, toroidal power transformers offer a number of advantages, such as:

• Greater efficiency. The unique shape of these transformers accommodates the use of shorter coils, which allows for lower loss levels and, consequently, higher efficiency in the system.
• Lower operating temperatures. As toroidal transformers are more efficient than other power transformers, they produce less heat during operations, which translates to lower operating temperatures. This quality, in turn, reduces the need for cooling devices. 
• Smaller footprint. The coils in toroidal transformers can touch and overlap without interfering with performance, which allows these transformers to be more compact than conventional power transformers. 
• Quieter operation. These transformers produce less mechanical hum than EI transformers. 
• Better protection against EMI. The primary and secondary coils covering the core act as a shield against the magnetic field produced, which protects nearby sensitive electronic equipment from being affected by the transformer during operations. 

Applications of Toroidal Power Transformers

Toroidal power transformers find application in a wide range of industries, including: 

• Aerospace
• Audio/visual equipment
• Automotive
• Consumer goods
• Lighting
• Medical 
• Military and defense
• Power generation and distribution
• Renewable energy
• Security
• Telecommunications

Due to their compact size, they are often used in electronic devices and systems such as computers. Their quiet operation makes them well-suited for use in amplifiers, audio equipment, televisions, and other audio/visual systems. These qualities, combined with their high efficiency and reliability, are among some of the reasons why they are regularly used in medical equipment. 

Toroidal Transformers vs. Conventional Transformers

The main difference between toroidal transformers and conventional transformers is the core. 

• Toroidal transformers have a donut-shaped core that is surrounded by the primary and secondary windings. This design allows for a more efficient transfer of power and more compact construction. Some of the other advantages these transformers have over conventional transformers include quieter operation and greater construction flexibility.
• Conventional transformers—also knowns as EI transformers—have a core consisting of E-shape steel sheets and I-shaped caps. Compared to toroidal transformers, they come at a much lower price point. 

Contact the Transformer Experts at MPS Industries Today

MPS Industries is an ISO 9001:2015 certified manufacturer of standard and custom transformers. We offer toroidal transformers that accommodate between 50 to 30,000 VAC power and operating temperatures up to 70° C. Our products are made in the USA and comply with the following standards: RoHS, REACH, CE, CSA, UL, and ETL. To find out more about our toroidal transformers or other electronic products, contact us today.